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# 3303 / Soil Instrumentation For Measuring Normal Stress Distribution Under Off-Road Tire

## Authors

Alexandru Vilsan, Nikhil Ravichandran, Chaitanya Sonalkar, and Corina Sandu

{% hint style="info" %}
Paper presented at ISTVS 2024 | 21st International and 12th Asia-Pacific Regional Conference of the ISTVS\
Keywords: Off-road mobility; Soil instrumentation; Terramechanics; Soil compaction; Normal stress distribution\
<https://doi.org/10.56884/WNKEEB0L>
{% endhint %}

## Abstract

The distribution of normal stress within soil plays an important role in determining the tire-soil interaction dynamics, affecting tire traction performance, soil compaction, and overall vehicle stability. A comprehensive analysis of the normal stress patterns will allow researchers to refine tire designs, tread characteristics, and inflation pressures for enhanced off-road performance across diverse terrains. This study presents a novel soil instrumentation device designed to measure normal stress distribution in soil following a single pass of an off-road tire. The developed device employs an array of piezoresistive vertical load sensors for providing real-time, accurate data of normal stress distribution beneath the tire during operation. Several tire-soil interaction tests were performed at the Virginia Tech Terramechanics Test Rig to verify the output of the load sensors. The sensor array was embedded in GRC-1 Lunar Soil Simulant at a depth of 150 mm while an off-road tire loaded with a vertical force of 2000 N traversed over the surface of the terrain. The results obtained showed significant differences in pressure patterns under different toe angles, indicating a good correlation between the actual normal stress distribution and the readings from the sensor array.

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